Succinic Dihydrazide stands out as a significant compound in the realm of organic chemistry and industrial applications. This solid organic chemical, recognized by its unique structure, fills a vital niche for chemists and manufacturers who focus on synthesis, modification, and formulation. Its molecular formula is C4H8N4O2, and the CAS registry number 123-33-1 backs its global identification. Identification through the Harmonized System (HS) Code 2928009090 places it firmly in the category of organic derivatives of hydrazine, and this code frequently comes up for customs and trade documentation across borders.
Succinic Dihydrazide usually appears as white flakes, powder, or crystalline pearls, depending on processing and handling methods. The solid material maintains stability under normal environmental conditions, presenting a molecular weight of 144.13 g/mol. Handling it, you immediately notice a structure shaped by two hydrazide groups (-NHNH2) attached to the ends of a succinic acid backbone. In its purest form, the density sits around 1.41 g/cm³ at room temperature. I remember observing the smooth crystalline powder in laboratory jars—the fine, odorless grains dust the sides of the container and remain free-flowing, much like many refined organic solids.
In aqueous environments, Succinic Dihydrazide shows moderate solubility, though it is not as freely soluble in water as some lower-molecular analogs. Under standard lab protocols, the material resists hydrolysis, offering scientists flexibility in designing processes involving varying pH levels. Chemically, it delivers versatile reductive and nucleophilic properties, making it a reliable raw material for producing polymers, intermediates in pharmaceuticals, or crosslinking agents in specialty resins. The absence of strong reactivity under ambient handling helps ensure storage safety in chemical warehouses, provided moisture ingress and heat sources are strictly avoided.
Buyers and researchers expect Succinic Dihydrazide in multiple forms—a choice of flakes, crystalline powder, small solid pearls, or even dissolved in liter-sized glassware for solution work. Each variation influences how a batch feeds into industrial mixers, reactors, or pilot-scale flasks. The typical purity specification exceeds 99% by HPLC, with very low traces of heavy metals, guaranteeing reliability for downstream applications. From my own experience, the consistency between batches can frustrate chemists who chase ultra-high-purity reagents, but most industrial applications find the standard grades entirely adequate and cost-effective.
Its utility extends widely—textile coatings, water treatment polymers, and pharmaceutical intermediates all benefit from Succinic Dihydrazide’s molecular features. Organic synthesis exploits the two hydrazide groups that deliver reactive ends for cyclization or crosslinking chemistry. For those of us in research, the compound’s predictive behavior makes it a go-to for designing multi-step syntheses, especially where nonhazardous and nonvolatile properties reduce risk. In pharmaceutical pilot plants, you see bags labeled "Succinic Dihydrazide" loaded onto weighing stations by hand—no need for respiratory protection in typical conditions, though gloves and eye shielding remain standard.
Although Succinic Dihydrazide does not create acute toxicity risks in day-to-day handling, it calls for careful control just like most industrial chemicals. Data from safety sheets confirm the absence of carcinogenic risk and only low toxicity in animal studies, but inhalation of fine powders and skin contact still demand attention. Many factories use enclosed transfer systems or dedicated air extraction hoods—consistent with best practices for any powdery solid. Spills clean up efficiently due to its solid state, with little risk of environmental contamination if handled promptly and disposed through regulated streams. Regulatory bodies in Europe, the US, and Asia classify it as a minor irritant rather than a hazardous or harmful substance, though every container needs clear labeling per GHS guidelines.
Warehouses usually organize Succinic Dihydrazide in moisture-resistant packaging kept in cool, dry spaces away from strong acids and oxidizing materials. You won’t find it stored near peroxides or volatile organic solvents, since it plays well with others but does not tolerate contamination. The physical stability under normal warehouse lighting and climate conditions means loss of potency or purity remains rare when suppliers and users follow clear inventory rotation and container-sealing routines. I’ve seen facilities implement electronic monitoring to track temperature and humidity around raw material storage, particularly for batches destined for regulated life sciences or medical use.
Global supply relies on robust manufacturing from chemical parks in China, India, and Europe, supported by an active trade in shipment of both raw and refined chemical materials. Companies regularly monitor price and purity specification shifts due to fluctuations in global demand for downstream products such as water-soluble polymers, advanced coatings, and generic medications. The required documentation travels with every drum or fiberboard box—HS Code for customs, technical data sheet for industrial buyers, and full regulatory information for plants meeting ISO or cGMP standards. In my work with procurement teams, the importance of traceability—batch numbers, raw material logs, and supplier certifications—outweighs nearly every other consideration apart from price and delivery timelines.
Sustainability and safety shape the future for Succinic Dihydrazide and similar chemicals. Newer synthesis methods focus on minimizing waste and avoiding toxic intermediates. Producers who switch to water-based crystallization and lower-temperature reactions reduce risk for both their workers and the environment. Switching away from bulky, hazardous containers to smaller, tamper-evident packaging tackles accidental spillage and simplifies compliance with regulations around hazardous chemicals. Regular review of safety data, improvements in packaging, and stronger health monitoring for handlers offer practical solutions that don’t disrupt core operations. Those of us who’ve worked through major regulatory updates know trust and transparency between supplier, user, and regulator hold the system together for everyone’s benefit.
