3-(1-Cyanoethyl)-Benzoic Acid, often known by its abbreviation CEBA, holds a notable position within organic chemistry as both a valuable intermediate and a specialty chemical. This compound is recognized for its unique blended structure, where a cyanoethyl group attaches itself to the benzene carboxylic acid backbone, resulting in enhanced reactivity and usefulness for industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to materials engineering. CEBA showcases its strength as a raw material, often finding its way into synthesis workflows where traditional aromatic acids don’t fit the bill.
The molecular formula of CEBA reads C10H9NO2, which reflects the key presence of ten carbons, nine hydrogens, one nitrogen, and two oxygens. Structurally, the cyano group connects through a two-carbon linker to the benzene ring, and the carboxylic acid moiety remains para to this substitution, encouraging diverse reactivity. Chemists appreciate this arrangement, as it provides two strong functional "handles" for subsequent derivatization. The nitrile group (cyano) presents flexibility for nucleophilic attacks or reductions, while the carboxylic acid opens up further coupling or salt-formation opportunities. The combination of electron-withdrawing and donating effects makes CEBA reactive enough for complex downstream transformations.
In its pure state, 3-(1-Cyanoethyl)-Benzoic Acid appears as an off-white to pale yellow solid. This material tends to crystallize readily, showing a flaky, sometimes powdery form, with occasional larger solid or pearl-like granules visible to the naked eye. The density stands close to 1.2–1.3 g/cm³, which lines up with expectations for aromatic acid derivatives carrying small aliphatic side chains. Melting point sits in the range of 110–120°C, which suggests a reliable level of purity and retains manageable handling properties for both lab and industrial settings. The solid remains stable at room temperature, resisting degradation or unwanted polymerization. It does not easily dissolve in water but shows good solubility in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and dichloromethane. Users can prepare solutions at various concentrations based on the solvent and intended purpose, whether for reaction feed or analytical testing.
Companies handling or distributing CEBA pay close attention to its specifications: purity typically rests above 98% based on HPLC analysis, with traces of solvents and related impurities kept well below 0.5%. Standard particle size can range from fine powders to more crystalline flakes, depending on the method of isolation. The product comes packaged in sealed drums or pouches, protected from moisture and light, ensuring its chemical stability over transport and storage. Each batch gets matched to a certificate of analysis, detailing both its molecular and physical properties—addressing specification sheets that buyers in advanced manufacturing and development demand.
For customs and global trade, CEBA falls under the Harmonized System (HS) Code 2916, which covers aromatic carboxylic acids and their derivatives. This placement means the material passes through normal regulatory hoops seen with chemical imports and exports, including those for potentially hazardous organics. Local guidelines often reference safety data sheets (SDS), which define the substance's hazards, handling requirements, and recommended controls for exposure.
Despite its promise in synthesis, CEBA comes with flagged hazards that every user needs to consider. Direct contact can cause skin and eye irritation, with risk increasing in dusty or poorly ventilated spaces, as airborne particles may trigger respiratory sensitivity. Prolonged or repeated exposure demands careful working habits—chemical-resistant gloves, eye shields, and local exhaust ventilation are part of typical safety measures. If handling the compound in larger volumes or at elevated temperatures, facilities should rely on solvent-resistant equipment and acid-resistant storage containers. Safe storage means keeping containers tightly closed, labeled, and stowed in a dedicated, cool, and dry chemical warehouse. Spills call for prompt cleanup, using spill control agents that absorb acids without creating additional reactivity.
CEBA stands out as a starting material for synthesizing specialty polymers, pharmaceutical actives, and advanced intermediates. In my experience working alongside research chemists, this molecule provided a valuable building block for constructing more elaborate frameworks, especially in custom synthesis labs and pilot-scale facilities. With the cyanoethyl function intact, manufacturers can bridge into amine, acid, or amide chemistry, while the benzoic acid ring maintains aromatic stability throughout harsher transformations. Downstream applications cover imaging chemicals, plastics, and specialty resins—areas where material purity, density, and exact functionalization matter most. Some university-run development laboratories have integrated CEBA into the design of new molecular switches and functionalized nanomaterials, pushing the boundaries of organic synthesis.
CEBA falls below strict hazard categories like highly toxic or explosive, but regulatory authorities urge careful waste handling. Unused solutions and spent samples must pass through solvent recovery or chemical treatment drums, never poured down drains or discarded as general waste. Its stability reduces the likelihood of environmental release, though disposal requires compliant procedures through certified chemical disposal partners. As a chemist, responsible use and clear documentation of CEBA movement within a facility translates directly into safer labs and workplaces, making tracking and accountability a top priority.
