Digging into the history of Diisooctyl Adipate (DOA), you come across a tapestry woven from post-war innovation and the push for flexible, safer plastics. Chemists in the mid-20th century scouted for ways to make plastic materials less brittle— plastics used to snap, crack, and mishandle stress far too easily. It was during this scramble to boost performance in harsh settings that DOA emerged, not as an accidental byproduct, but through the persistent work of researchers blending adipic acid and branched or linear isooctyl alcohols. The post-war boom didn't just rely on steel and oil; it rested on chemistry paving the way for consumer goods, automotive supplies, and a new wave of industrial design. Launching DOA into everyday products, manufacturers managed to bridge the gaps in flexibility that older compounds couldn’t handle. Over the years, its place in the chemical industry became well entrenched, marking it as a benchmark for the plasticizer world.
DOA stands out as a clear, oily liquid that brings a whole new depth of flexibility to the world of plasticizers. It's built to blend, mix, and extend the life of polymers, with an ability to lower the freezing point of plastics so they remain flexible even in cold weather. You can spot DOA in flexible PVC, food wrap films, and even in some lubricants. It clings to the inside fabric of those pliable tubes in hospitals, hangs around in food conveyor belts, and even lurks in the garden hoses that coil up in hardware store aisles. Its resilience against cold cracks or temperature swings makes it the go-to pick for cold weather applications— places where many plasticizers fail, DOA sticks around. Some days you won’t think about the role additives play behind the scenes. Still, DOA shapes countless products, quietly keeping plastics functioning as they should.
At room temperature, DOA is colorless to pale yellow and flows easily. With a boiling point well above 400°C and a low freezing point, the liquid resists solidification where lesser compounds stiffen up. It does not dissolve in water, but it mixes well with other common organic solvents and plastic resins, making it easy to work with during manufacturing. DOA’s structure—sharing six-carbon adipate backbone and two bulky isooctyl side chains—enables its effectiveness by interrupting the tight packing of polymer chains. This molecular bulkiness imparts softness and low-temperature flexibility. The technical grade material typically displays low acidity, negligible sulfur, and minimal volatiles—features that reassure engineers about batch consistency and purity. These physical traits steer DOA into applications where clarity, resilience under pressure, and performance at subzero conditions take precedence over cost or ease of use.
For industry insiders, numbers tell the story. Diisooctyl Adipate usually lands on technical sheets with an ester content above 99%, an acid value below 0.1 mg KOH/g, and a refractive index close to 1.446. Water content typically measures under 0.1%, and color (Pt-Co scale) generally sits below 30 units. Labels on drums and bulk containers should announce batch numbers, net and gross weights, purity, and hazard pictograms—meeting standards like the EU’s CLP or OSHA’s GHS labeling. Storage instructions call for dry, ventilated warehouses, far from direct sunlight or heat. Shelf lives often stretch a year or two if unopened, though it's smart to check for any cloudiness or off-smells before use. Regulatory agencies require material safety data sheets to travel with every shipment, no exceptions.
DOA owes its existence to esterification—an age-old chemical process still relevant today. In factories, adipic acid reacts with isooctyl alcohol, catalyzed by acids like sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. Operators heat and mix these ingredients in large reactor vessels. Water, a reaction byproduct, gets pulled out continuously using a Dean-Stark trap or vacuum distillation, making the reaction favor the formation of more ester. Once the batch stabilizes, the crude DOA moves into purification steps: neutralization, washing, and vacuum distillation to scrub out unreacted acids or alcohol. Pure DOA comes out the tail end—sometimes with a hint of antioxidant or stabilizer to fend off decomposition.
DOA stands out for its resistance to worksite catalysis, but like many esters, it’s prone to slow hydrolysis—breaking apart into its parent acid and alcohol when exposed to water and heat for extended periods. It shrugs off mild oxidation, but concentrated acids or strong bases can chew through its structure. Changing the alcohol feedstock can unlock new derivatives, tuning the flexibility, migration resistance, or volatility of the finished material. Chemists experimenting with DOA often look to block degradation through stabilizers or turn to copolymerization, grafting DOA segments onto larger molecules to anchor the plasticizer and fight leaching in demanding environments.
Industry catalogs reveal a dizzying list of names for the same chemical. Alongside Diisooctyl Adipate, you’ll encounter names like bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), dioctyl adipate (which sometimes causes confusion with DEHA), Adimoll DO, Hexaplast DOA, and Plastomoll DOA. Suppliers craft their own brand names for marketing, especially when offering slightly tweaked recipes targeted at medical, food, or high-performance sectors. Checking the CAS number—103-23-1—serves as the best way to avoid mix-ups when swapping between vendors.
Factories working with DOA rely on robust safety routines, drawn from years of hands-on experience and evolving regulation. Personnel wear gloves, eye-shields, and aprons when handling bulk material. DOA spills call for foam or sand, never direct water streams, to prevent slick floors and environmental runoff. Proper ventilation prevents vapor build-up: inhaling high concentrations of aerosolized DOA can cause mild irritation. Facilities monitor closed storage for build-ups of pressure or off-gassing. Waste streams containing DOA must be treated before being sent off-site—uncontrolled dumping can harm aquatic life. Staff receive regular hazard communication training, and engineers update MSDS documentation every year or after significant process changes.
DOA’s reputation thrives on its ability to keep PVC soft, flexible, and clear over long stretches of time and cold temperatures. Flexible tubing, food wraps, medical bags, synthetic leather, and swimming pool liners all lean on DOA for flexibility and toughness. Commercial users point to its clean taste profile—making it valuable in food contact applications like cling films or conveyor belts. Its role stretches beyond plastics: DOA finds pockets of demand as a low-temperature lubricant in machinery, as a dispersing agent in pigments, or a carrier fluid for agricultural chemicals. Each industry values its low odor, stability, and mild nature—traits that let engineers swap brittle, short-lived designs for options that last and withstand the daily grind.
Research labs worldwide dig into new ways to make and use DOA. Green chemistry teams look for catalysts that speed up esterification without byproducts or waste. Polymers researchers try to pin down new copolymer systems that lock DOA in place and keep it from leaching out of soft PVC or medical devices. New testing rigs in R&D departments track stability, migration, and long-term degradation, pushing formulas past real-world cycling and into the extremes of temperature, pressure, and flexing. Some researchers use high-throughput screening, mixing DOA with additives or stabilizers to crank out new material systems with even better performance or safety profiles. Suppliers see growing demand for bio-based adipic acid or isooctanol to reduce the environmental impact from start to finish.
Looking into toxicity, DOA marks itself as a relatively mild compound, but researchers and regulators aren’t taking chances. Many decades of animal testing reveal that high doses can cause slight, reversible liver effects. Chronic studies in rats, rabbits, and mice show low concern for cancer or reproductive toxicity at typical exposure levels. Regulators in the US and EU set specific migration limits for DOA in food-contact plastics, based on careful risk assessments. Workers exposed to vapors or liquid might develop skin or eye irritation, but serious systemic effects are rare in industrial settings. Still, every new generation demands closer scrutiny: researchers now turn to in vitro tests and predictive toxicology, mapping DOA’s breakdown products and ensuring new formulations remain safe for patients or consumers. No material gets a free pass just because it’s been used for decades.
Demand for flexible, cold-resistant, and transparent plastics keeps the outlook for DOA strong. New market growth shines in medical technology, electric vehicle batteries, and specialty films for foods or agriculture. Pressure from regulators and green consumer movements pushes for biobased feedstocks and safer-by-design chemistry. Engineers seek ways to cut migration, blend DOA with non-phthalate plasticizers, or engineer polymers that grab hold of the molecule tighter than ever. New processes bring the promise of lower energy use, less waste, and purer final products. Despite talk of alternatives and drop-in replacements, DOA carries a blend of performance traits that keeps it one step ahead—never quite replaced, but always under the microscope. Every research paper, legislative push, or product recall shapes the path forward; those who work with DOA stay alert, motivated by a chemical’s past to carve out safer, more sustainable ways of getting things done.
Most people don’t give much thought to what makes plastic soft and flexible. Think of squishy toys, shower curtains, or that clingy plastic wrap in the kitchen drawer. Behind those familiar textures, there’s a bit of quiet chemistry at work. Diisooctyl adipate, or DOA for short, plays a big role in this everyday comfort and utility.
Industries rely on DOA mainly as a plasticizer. This means it’s added to plastics—especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC)—to give them the softness and bendability that tough plastics just can’t deliver alone. In manufacturing, flexibility has economic value. Flexible cables, synthetic leathers, and gaskets need to move without cracking. Companies use DOA because it holds up well across temperatures, doesn’t make plastics brittle in the cold, and resists stiffening.
DOA steps into the world in a surprising number of places. It’s in garden hoses, car interiors, and blood bags. It’s also in floor coverings, food packaging, and even sports equipment. I noticed this first-hand working in a packaging plant. The feel of DOA-plasticized film is smooth and tough, but never harsh. Food safety standards put the spotlight on any ingredient touching edibles, and DOA consistently clears these tests. The European Food Safety Authority and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration both allow it at strict levels for these applications.
Diisooctyl adipate affects both day-to-day convenience and bigger questions around safety and sustainability. Safety drives much of the discussion. Studies by the World Health Organization, plus numerous peer-reviewed articles, show low toxicity at concentrations used in consumer products. I see parents in stores reading labels, especially when it comes to things like lunchboxes or food wraps. No one wants hidden chemicals that could leach into snacks or meals. Regulators set limits for migration rates, and recent data suggest that most DOA-containing products meet those standards handily.
Workers in factories experience higher exposures, so occupational health matters as well. Training staff to handle chemicals with gloves and proper ventilation makes a real difference. Most of the time, reported health incidents tend to be mild and related to improper handling rather than product use.
Environmental concerns shape chemical use across industries. DOA breaks down more easily in the environment than older plasticizers like phthalates. Yet, the appetite for greener options hasn’t slowed. I’ve talked with manufacturers testing new plant-based plasticizers. Some of these are showing up in pilot batches of soft PVC, but scaling up production at price points that work for mass markets takes stubborn effort.
More consumers are asking tough questions about what goes into products they use every day. Manufacturers who share sourcing details and testing results win more trust. Science keeps developing safer and even more biodegradable softeners. People won’t accept flexible plastics vanishing overnight, so the transition needs honest discussion about trade-offs, prices, and process. DOA, for now, fills a spot between performance, safety, and cost that’s hard to replace on a global scale, but progress keeps nudging the market to do even better.
Diisooctyl adipate, often shortened to DOA, shows up in clear wraps and soft packaging. Food processors often look for flexible, clingy plastics and DOA fills that job. It acts as a plasticizer, giving vinyl and other packaging that stretchy, tough feel needed to protect food from drying out or getting squashed in transit. You probably handle something with DOA almost every time you unwrap meat, cheese, or produce from the grocery store.
We learn a lot about food additives and plastic ingredients from health agencies that run tests and set limits. The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) both reviewed DOA’s safety for food contact. Each group set migration limits—the amount that can leach from packaging into food. For DOA, those limits sit at 18 mg/kg of food in the EU and are similar in the U.S. According to their reports, under normal use, DOA stays below these limits.
It’s smart to keep an eye on those limits, since not all conditions are equal. Greasy foods or high temps speed up migration. I once noticed the difference myself: cheese sticks in their usual wrapper at room temp felt fine, but once forgotten in a hot car, the plastic nearly stuck to the cheese. Studies reflect this. Heat makes more plasticizers move into food. Migrant DOA levels inside the limits pose no known immediate health risk, but I trust scientific caution rather than blind faith.
Most animal studies show low toxicity when exposure stays low, with only high doses causing problems like liver changes. I’ve dug around to see if doctors have found a strong link between DOA and health problems in people, but evidence remains weak or inconsistent. Scientists still look for subtle, long-term effects such as hormone disruption. DOA doesn’t build up in the body like some other plasticizers, so the risk of accumulation looks low. That’s a relief, but it doesn’t mean we shouldn’t keep looking for answers.
Over the last decade, concern over chemicals in plastics has pushed researchers to go beyond older safety checks. Some experts want more regular testing, especially since kids and pregnant women are more sensitive to chemicals that mess with hormones. As a parent, I understand the urge to double-check what touches our food.
DOA figures into nearly every supermarket sweep, but we have safe exposure limits based on solid science. Food wrappers from reliable brands usually follow the law, and organizations test for compliance. If you prefer to avoid soft plastics, choose packaging marked as phthalate- or plasticizer-free, or switch to glass or paper where possible. Warmer storage and fattier foods pull more DOA into your meal, so avoid microwaving foods in their original plastic wrap.
Food safety depends not just on what’s legal, but on what is practical for daily life. Manufacturers can lean into better testing, safer alternatives, and labeling that actually helps families make choices. Shoppers benefit from clear guidance, not scare tactics. I keep an open line to my grocer and ask what they do to verify safe packaging. It’s one way we can all keep the conversation honest and grounded in science—without losing faith in safety or convenience.
Diisooctyl adipate, or DOA, shows up everywhere—flexible plastics, wire coatings, even something as everyday as food wrap. To most people, it just looks like a clear, oily liquid. But I know from years working in industrial labs that the science behind this chemical quietly shapes a lot of what’s in your home.
You pour DOA, and it moves easily. Unlike some thicker plasticizers, this one feels almost slippery between your fingers. It slides at room temperature, never stiffens in the cold, and won’t fog up glass or plastics under heat. Its melting point sits far below freezing, usually around -67°C, so it doesn’t thicken up when winter hits. This matters to anyone making cables for use outside or medical bags that need to stay flexible in hospital fridges.
DOA boils quietly, above 400°C. You won’t catch its fumes filling the workroom unless you push the temperature well past what's normal for any polymer processing. With a faint, sometimes unnoticeable odor and colorless appearance, it blends right in with other raw materials. You won't wrestle with separation or waste because it's miscible in most organic solvents—alcohols, esters, and those curious chlorinated fluids factories use. But mix it with water, and nothing happens. It doesn’t dissolve, so it doesn’t end up in groundwater or beverages the way other chemicals sometimes do. That’s a layer of peace of mind for everyone using plastic products daily.
Fundamentally, DOA carries stability—a molecular structure with two ester groups, stitched between long hydrocarbon chains. Manufacturers count on this, since it shrugs off mild acids and bases without breaking down. I’ve tested it under conditions that would turn some plasticizers yellow or brittle, but DOA holds its own against heat and sunlight for a long time. People want window seals or car upholstery that won’t crack or lose flexibility after months of summer sun. DOA helps that happen.
One of the underlying issues with plasticizers involves migration—chemicals leaching out and ending up someplace you don’t want them. Since DOA is large and not especially volatile, it doesn’t evaporate easily or leak out as fast as other small-molecule additives. A study from the European Chemicals Agency pointed out that DOA shows lower rates of migration than phthalates. That translates to fewer headaches for product safety officers and less risk for kids chewing on vinyl toys.
It’s easy to overlook details until they jump out at you—vinyl floor tiles curling, wires cracking open, or scent and taste shifting in food wrap after being left in the sun. DOA solves some of these headaches. Its chemical inertness means it won’t react with ingredients in cosmetics or food packaging, making it a reasonable choice for manufacturers under tighter consumer safety rules.
Of course, there are limits. As a long-chain adipate ester, DOA offers excellent cold flexibility, but doesn’t give the sheer strength that some industries need—think of hard helmets or building barriers. Blended with other plasticizers, though, it forms part of the secret recipe for durable, flexible, safe consumer goods.
I’ve watched the market shift since regulatory agencies started targeting phthalates. More companies want options that balance flexibility, safety, and compliance—without inviting lawsuits or recalls. It’s not just about ticking boxes on safety paperwork, but building trust with families who actually use these products every day.
Advancements shape every batch of DOA—from better purification methods to rigorous migration testing. Through more transparent labeling and improved monitoring, producers demonstrate a commitment to public safety that pushes the entire sector forward.
People probably don’t spend much time thinking about the stretchiness of a cable or the softness of a children’s toy, but manufacturers do. That soft, bendable quality in items like garden hoses, food wrap, and flooring owes a lot to plasticizers. Diisooctyl adipate (DOA) serves as a plasticizer, playing a lead role in making polyvinyl chloride (PVC) more flexible. Companies use DOA so wires stay pliable in cold conditions or so that vinyl tiles can handle foot traffic without cracking. This function isn’t just about comfort—it often spells the difference between a product lasting for years or landing in the trash after one hard winter. Safety, too, isn’t a small concern. Since DOA gives flexibility without compromising structural stability, it finds a place in products that touch food or human skin. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves food contact applications for a reason. Testing takes time and isn’t cheap, so that green light means something in daily life.
Building maintenance teams know the hassle of repainting railings or patching vinyl flooring. Industry leans on DOA for coatings—paint for metal, protective layers for walls, adhesives for tile jobs. In my own home renovation experience, I noticed how resilient floor tiles with flexible adhesives stand up to years of use. DOA not only gives the final product resistance to cracking but also improves how that product reacts to changing temperatures. People working in cold climates benefit because surfaces remain smooth and intact instead of turning brittle. VOC (volatile organic compounds) regulations also steer paint and adhesive producers toward ingredients with a safer track record, and DOA meets this challenge by delivering low toxicity and minimal smell during application.
Many people expect creams, lotions, and cosmetics to glide smoothly onto the skin. Behind the scenes, chemists add DOA to moisturizers and deodorants for its ability to dissolve other ingredients and help spread them evenly. Personal care products often need flexibility, not just in texture but in their ability to stand up to changes in temperature during shipment and storage. Safety here takes center stage—nobody wants a rash or irritation from daily staples. Years of research point to DOA’s low irritation risk, so brands select it for products designed to nurture skin, not harm it. That trust doesn’t come lightly. Manufacturers confirm the safety profile through testing, which matters because regulations around cosmetics grow stricter each year, especially in the U.S. and European Union.
Most folks won’t name plasticizers as a car part, but DOA finds its way into dashboard vinyl, under-the-hood hoses, and seals. Flexibility in extreme heat or freezing cold becomes vital—nobody wants brittle components leaving them stranded with a leaking hose. DOA manages to keep synthetic rubbers bendable, making cars, heavy machinery, and even railcars less prone to breakdowns. In the past, I’ve worked next to mechanics who joke about “winter plastic” shattering when it hits the ground. DOA stops that joke from becoming a reality. It delivers proven performance for engineering teams tasked with reducing downtime and repair costs.
Society stands at a crossroads with additives like DOA. Some scientists keep a close watch on how these chemicals move through water and soil. Performance and safety matter, but nobody wants to damage ecosystems for the sake of convenience. Producers have begun exploring biobased alternatives aiming for the same performance with a lighter environmental footprint. The challenge often lies in matching price and quality without sacrificing safety. Customers and manufacturers alike push for honest disclosures and full transparency about what goes into finished products. As consumers learn more about additives, demand for greener, safer options grows—creating a positive feedback loop that encourages more responsible choices across the entire supply chain.
Most people don’t spend their day thinking about plasticizers like Diisooctyl Adipate, but everyday products often rely on this chemical. Found in flexible PVC, coatings, and some consumer goods, it helps keep things stretchy and soft. Working with it calls for a careful approach, both to guard personal health and to make sure valuable material does not go to waste. Trust in quality and safety grows stronger when each person along the chain consistently uses good practices.
Temperature has a big effect on chemicals, and Diisooctyl Adipate is no exception. Warm rooms speed up vapor release and sometimes encourage trickier reactions, so storage best stays cool—generally under 30°C. Direct sunlight quickly heats up containers, weakening packaging and accelerating breakdown, so shade or indoor storage gives solid peace of mind. Humidity can find its way into cracked caps or seals, making the product lumpy or less pure, which means dry storage beats out damp or drafty spots every time.
On-site experience shows that strong, well-labeled containers simplify handling and spotting mistakes before they snowball into spills. Rusty drums or split pails invite problems, both for worker safety and product quality. Heavy-duty plastics prove reliable, especially if the lids screw on tight. Keeping Diisooctyl Adipate away from food items, acids, and strong bases guards against contamination or chemical reactions—less patch-up work and less risk this way.
Anyone opening a drum or decanting should slip on gloves and eye protection. A splash might not burn right away, but skin and eyes can react after longer contact. Storage rules make sense, but real consistency comes from habits; returning lids after every use, watching for leaks, and marking containers with the date received. In some plants, color-coded tape helps new hires keep track of which barrels contain what, limiting confusion and cross-contamination.
I’ve watched the difference up close—crews that keep supplies tidy rarely scramble to manage messes. Spills happen, but with absorbent pads and spill kits close at hand, clean-up feels less like a scramble and more like standard procedure. Training every couple of months keeps everyone sharp, especially when regulations or personnel shift. The Environmental Protection Agency and OSHA both keep evolving, so periodic review ensures current best practices.
Textbook advice means little if nobody follows through on the floor. The best workshops don’t just repeat rules but ask teams to walk through the process and point out weak links together. Investing extra hours in role-playing what-if scenarios changes habits for the better. New hires learn where hazards sit, and veterans skip shortcuts, especially after hearing how a small mistake might snowball.
Emphasizing a “see something, say something” approach means everyone shares the duty for safety. Colleagues spotting bad habits early can stop a bigger incident cold. Good records, clear labeling, and routine sharing of near-misses land stronger results than layers of rules nobody understands.
Protecting neighbors and the wider environment starts with simple steps. Well-sealed storage limits vapors in the air. Keeping any run-off or discarded product out of drains protects water and wildlife nearby. Relying on certified waste handlers for disposal takes the pressure off your own crew and cuts legal risks.
People want to trust the products they use and the companies making them. A strong record of clean storage, careful handling, and prompt reporting of incidents lifts both safety and trust across industries.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Bis(6-methyloctyl) hexanedioate |
| Other names |
Dioctyl Adipate
DOA Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Adipic acid dioctyl ester |
| Pronunciation | /ˌdaɪ.aɪ.suːˈɒk.tɪl ˈæd.ɪ.peɪt/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 103-23-1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | `3D model (JSmol)` string for **Diisooctyl Adipate**: ``` CC(C)CCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCCC(C)C ``` |
| Beilstein Reference | 1731073 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:35241 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1621787 |
| ChemSpider | 15721 |
| DrugBank | DB11108 |
| ECHA InfoCard | String: 07c8e53e-fe48-4593-abcc-4974bdd76c1b |
| EC Number | 204-211-0 |
| Gmelin Reference | 79036 |
| KEGG | C19699 |
| MeSH | D02.705.400.625.249 |
| PubChem CID | 30348 |
| RTECS number | AT0750000 |
| UNII | 6G8X76B8HV |
| UN number | UN3082 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C22H42O4 |
| Molar mass | 426.68 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless transparent oily liquid |
| Odor | Mild odor |
| Density | 0.924 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| log P | 8.12 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.001 mmHg (20°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 10.37 |
| Basicity (pKb) | pKb > 14 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -7.86 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.4440 |
| Viscosity | 21.3 mPa·s |
| Dipole moment | 2.7 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 385.1 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -1207.08 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -12250.8 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | A16AX10 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin and eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | GHS07, GHS09 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | No hazard statement. |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P314, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P501 |
| Flash point | 196°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 355°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat > 25,000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 9,000 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | WA2475000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | 5 mg/m3 |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.48 mg/kg-bw |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Diethylhexyl adipate
Dioctyl adipate Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Dimethyl adipate Di-n-butyl adipate Diisononyl adipate |
