Product Name: Butyrolactone
Chemical Name: Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL)
CAS Number: 96-48-0
Synonyms: 4-Butyrolactone; GBL; γ-Butyrolactone
Molecular Formula: C4H6O2
Molecular Weight: 86.09 g/mol
Recommended Use: Industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, cleaning agent, polymer production
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GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (oral) Category 4; Serious eye irritation Category 2A; Specific target organ toxicity – single exposure (narcotic effects) Category 3
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed; Causes serious eye irritation; May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Signal Word: Warning
Pictograms: Exclamation mark
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Potential Health Effects: Drowsiness, unconsciousness if swallowed in large quantities; irritation to eyes, respiratory tract, and skin; may affect nervous system
Precautionary Statements: Avoid inhaling vapors; wear protective gloves and goggles; wash hands thoroughly after handling
Chemical Identity: Gamma-Butyrolactone
CAS Number: 96-48-0
Concentration: ≥99%
Impurities/Other Components: Minor impurities (check with supplier for full breakdown if required for your process)
Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air immediately; give oxygen if breathing becomes difficult; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash affected skin with soap and water for at least fifteen minutes; seek medical help as irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower eyelids; consult an ophthalmologist
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting; never give anything by mouth to someone unconscious; get medical attention
Most Important Symptoms: Drowsiness, confusion, irritation of the eyes or skin, nausea
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide
Specific Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air; combustion produces carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear
Fire Fighting Instructions: Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products; cool containers exposed to flame with water spray to prevent bursting
Personal Precautions: Wear appropriate personal protection including gloves, goggles, and respirator; keep unprotected individuals away from the area
Environmental Precautions: Avoid runoff into sewers and waterways; prevent further leakage if safe to do so
Cleanup Methods: Absorb with inert material like sand or earth, then collect in chemical waste container; ventilate area thoroughly; wash spill site after cleanup
Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas; avoid inhaling vapors or splashing liquid on skin and eyes; wash hands thoroughly after use and before eating or smoking; do not eat, drink, or smoke when using this material
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed original containers; keep away from sources of ignition and direct sunlight; store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area; segregate from strong oxidizing agents and acids; label containers clearly and check for leaks
Occupational Exposure Limits: No specific exposure limit listed for GBL; consult national regulations
Engineering Controls: Provide adequate mechanical exhaust ventilation to control vapor concentrations; use only with appropriate fume hoods or local exhaust ventilation
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical safety goggles, protective gloves (nitrile recommended), laboratory coat or coveralls, proper respiratory protection for high vapor concentrations
Hygiene Measures: Change contaminated clothing promptly; wash thoroughly after handling; keep away from food and beverages
Physical State: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Mild, characteristic odor
Melting Point: -44°C
Boiling Point: 204°C
Flash Point: 98°C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: 454°C
Flammability: Not highly flammable, but vapors can form explosive mixtures at higher concentrations
Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, acetone
Density: 1.12 g/cm³ at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: 0.96 mmHg at 20°C
pH: Neutral (6-8 in 10% aqueous solution)
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): -0.566
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended handling and storage conditions; may hydrolyze over time in presence of moisture
Reactivity: May react strongly with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, other irritating fumes under fire conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Prolonged exposure to moisture or high heat; contact with strong oxidizers or bases
Polymerization: Not known to occur under normal handling
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): approx. 1540 mg/kg; inhalation and dermal toxicity data limited
Chronic Effects: May cause central nervous system depression; long-term exposures are not well studied
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Mild irritant
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes moderate to severe eye irritation
Respiratory or Skin Sensitization: Data not conclusive, but unlikely
Germ Cell Mutagenicity: No evidence in standard tests
Carcinogenicity: Not recognized as a carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Reproductive Toxicity: Data limited; not classified for reproductive toxicity
Specific Target Organ Toxicity: May cause narcotic effects such as drowsiness, dizziness
Aspiration Hazard: Low
Ecotoxicity: Moderately hazardous to aquatic life with short-term exposure; EC50 (daphnia, 48 hr): 500 mg/L
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions; breaks down in environment with minimal bioaccumulation
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low (Log Kow indicates low potential)
Mobility in Soil: High mobility due to solubility in water
Other Adverse Effects: Large releases may lower oxygen in water bodies through decomposition
Disposal Methods: Dispose of through licensed hazardous waste disposal contractor; follow local, regional, and national regulations for chemical waste
Waste Packaging: Containers should be punctured and triple-rinsed before disposal to minimize hazards
Special Precautions: Avoid release to the environment; do not dump into drains or waterways
Incineration: Suitable method for bulk quantities if access to permitted facility exists
UN Number: 2810
Proper Shipping Name: Toxic liquid, organic, n.o.s. (contains Gamma-Butyrolactone)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: III
Transport Labels: Toxic, Keep Away From Foodstuffs
Special Precautions: Handle in accordance with safe storage guidance; ensure containers are sealed and correctly labeled; segregate from incompatible substances during transport
Environmental Hazards: Avoid release into drains and watercourses during transfers
Global Regulations: Listed under TSCA (USA); REACH registered (EU); subject to strict monitoring in some countries due to potential for diversion to illegal uses
Workplace Regulation: Workplace Exposure Standard has not been established everywhere. Local authorities may set limits
Labeling Requirement: Labels must feature hazard classification, substance name, hazard pictograms, and recommended measures
Restrictions: Controlled in several jurisdictions due to psychoactive precursor status; check with regulatory agencies for transit and handling requirements
Inventory Status: Registered in major chemical inventories including TSCA, EINECS, DSL, AICS
Other Chemical Control: Consult local chemical safety offices for licensing or notification requirement for large volume use
